For years, sourcing from China wasn’t just a good idea, it was the default. Whether you needed consumer electronics, toys, textiles, or furniture, China gave you everything: low labor costs, world-class infrastructure, massive production capacity, and supply chain resilience that few could match. It’s no wonder manufacturing out of China became the backbone of so many global strategies.
But here we are in 2025, and the ground is shifting fast. Labor costs are rising. Trade tensions are heating up. Tariffs are back in the headlines. And companies everywhere, maybe even yours, are asking the big question: can you really move production out of China? The answer isn’t black-and-white. Some industries are finding a path out. Others? Still firmly tied to China’s powerful manufacturing hubs and supplier networks.
The numbers tell the story. China still accounts for 31% of global manufacturing, with the U.S. at 16% and the EU at 18%. Even after a bruising trade war, Chinese goods exports to the U.S. hit $450 billion in 2019, far ahead of Mexico’s $356 billion. And with new tariffs looming (up to 60% on Chinese imports by 2025), along with pressures like Red Sea shipping disruptions and the EU’s CBAM carbon pricing rollout, supply chains are facing more risks than ever.
If you’re thinking about moving operations to places like Vietnam, India, or Mexico, you’ll need more than a new shipping address. Vetting new suppliers through third-party inspections, factory audits, and quality monitoring is essential to protect your business and future-proof your production.
In this article, we’ll focus on what it really takes to move your manufacturing out of China, the right way.
Why Are Businesses Re-evaluating China-Centric Supply Chains?
Rising labor costs, mounting trade tensions, stricter regulatory pressures, intellectual property risks, and pandemic-style disruptions are forcing companies to rethink their global supply chains. These pressures, combined with ESG compliance demands and supply chain diversification strategies, are making it increasingly difficult to justify heavy manufacturing reliance on China alone. If you are part of a business assessing your production footprint, understanding these drivers is crucial to protect your supply chain resilience and your bottom line.
Over the past decade, China’s manufacturing sector dominated global supply chains, offering economies of scale and cost efficiencies unmatched elsewhere. However, the market conditions in 2025 present a different story. Rising production costs, an aging labor force, and shifting trade policies are reshaping the global manufacturing landscape. Companies from sectors as diverse as consumer electronics, apparel, and automotive parts are exploring new production locations to manage risk and enhance operational agility.
At the same time, uncertainty surrounding tariffs, intellectual property protection, and the global transportation networks are adding new layers of complexity. Businesses are not just looking for cheaper labor costs anymore; they are also prioritizing supply chain management stability, ESG compliance, and geopolitical risk reduction. As you assess your future manufacturing operations, these factors are essential to keep in mind.
Rising Labor & Overhead Costs
Average manufacturing wages in coastal China grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9% between 2015 and 2024. As of late 2024, the typical wage stands at $6.50 per hour. In comparison, Mexico offers labor at $4–5 per hour—a savings of approximately 19%. Vietnam, another leading destination for relocating production, offers labor at roughly $2–3 per hour, nearly half or a third of China’s rate.
But wages are not the only rising cost. Industrial electricity prices in Mexico are now 25% lower than in China, while natural gas spot rates are approximately 30% cheaper. These lower energy costs help manufacturing companies optimize their production costs across sectors ranging from consumer goods to electronics assembly.
Finally, the demographic shift is another factor you cannot ignore. China’s median manufacturing-worker age has risen to 39.2 years, compared to 31 years in Vietnam. An aging labor force affects productivity, skills availability, and workforce stability, all of which play into the overall costs and risks associated with long-term manufacturing investment in China.
Trump Tariffs, Trade Barriers & Regulatory Pressure
Since 2018, the U.S.-China trade war has fundamentally altered the economics of manufacturing out of China. The Section 301 tariffs imposed by the United States remain firmly in place. Lists 1 through 4A maintain a 25% tariff rate on a wide range of goods. In 2025, a new proposal is under debate that would lift all duties on Chinese imports to a flat 60%, significantly escalating production costs for companies relying heavily on China.
Meanwhile, tariffs are not only a China-specific issue. Proposed ASEAN “surge” tariffs scheduled for July 2025 will impact other Southeast Asia hubs as well, with Vietnam facing a 46% tariff, Thailand 36%, Cambodia 49%, and Malaysia 24%. These shifts complicate nearshoring and supply chain diversification efforts for companies aiming to move production out of China.
Europe is also tightening regulations. The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will begin full carbon-pricing implementation by January 1, 2026. Under this system, goods like steel, aluminum, and cement imported from China will face embedded-carbon fees estimated at €90 per ton of CO₂ emissions.
The regulatory pressure does not stop there. In 2024, U.S. anti-dumping orders imposed countervailing duties as high as 374% on aluminum extrusions and up to 269% on wooden cabinets imported from China. These additional trade barriers create massive uncertainty for manufacturers and exporters targeting the U.S. and European consumer markets.
Intellectual-Property & Data-Security Concerns
In 2023, a U.S. jury awarded CNEX Labs $23 million after finding that Huawei misappropriated its trade secrets. This high-profile case highlights the exposure foreign companies face when intellectual property protections are not robustly enforced.
According to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 27% of its members cited forced technology transfer as a significant concern when operating in China. Without strong contractual safeguards, you risk losing proprietary designs, tooling, and confidential processes to local partners or competitors. Protecting your manufacturing footprint requires strategic pre-emptive measures.
Typical IP protection strategies include tooling-ownership clauses written into supplier agreements, early CNIPA trademark pre-registration to secure brand names, and the use of NNN (non-use, non-compete, non-disclosure) agreements enforceable through Hong Kong courts. In addition, escrowed CAD files ensure that critical designs remain accessible only under defined conditions.
It’s essential to act early if you plan to move production out of China. Multinational companies are often advised to retrieve production molds and critical assets before making any public announcements. Waiting too long increases the chance of supplier retaliation or IP loss. By prioritizing strong IP structures from the start, you can maintain better control over your manufacturing operations and supply chains during the transition process.
Geopolitical & Pandemic-Style Disruptions
As you assess your options for moving manufacturing out of China, it’s vital to account for geopolitical disruptions and pandemic-style shutdowns that have impacted supply chains worldwide. In 2022, Shanghai’s citywide COVID-19 lockdown idled roughly 25% of global container capacity for six weeks, causing major bottlenecks across shipping routes and delaying production for countless industries.
Today, new challenges are emerging. Since 2024, missile threats in the Red Sea region have forced container vessels to reroute around the Cape of Good Hope, adding an average of 11 days to transit times and an extra $1,000 per forty-foot equivalent unit (FEU). These supply chain disruptions increase production costs, extend lead times, and introduce greater uncertainty into the manufacturing landscape.
Further complicating matters, Oxford Economics projects that new tariffs and re-routing costs could shave off about 0.4 percentage points from global GDP in 2025. This means that global supply chains, particularly those heavily dependent on a single manufacturing location, are now facing greater vulnerability than ever before.
ESG & Sustainability Commitments
Beyond traditional financial drivers, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) pressures are playing a growing role in supply chain strategies. If you are managing manufacturing operations today, you cannot ignore how ESG compliance and sustainability reporting requirements are reshaping sourcing decisions.
The U.S. Uyghur Forced-Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) is a clear example. In 2023 alone, U.S. Customs detained approximately $2 billion worth of shipments suspected of containing materials linked to forced labor in Xinjiang. High-risk products like cotton-based apparel and textiles have become a particular target. For companies exporting consumer goods to the United States, staying compliant with labor rights regulations is now non-negotiable.
Adding to these pressures, the SEC proposed a climate-risk disclosure rule in March 2024. If finalized, it will require publicly listed companies with revenues over $1.2 billion to report Scope-3 emissions, those indirectly generated across their global supply chains, by fiscal year 2026. This shift incentivizes nearshoring and investing in production hubs with greener logistics and manufacturing practices.
By diversifying production locations and working with verified suppliers, you can not only meet regulatory requirements but also enhance your brand’s reputation in a marketplace where ethical sourcing and environmental responsibility are increasingly influencing consumer behavior.
What are the Benefits and the Challenges of Relocating Production and Manufacturing Outside of China
Relocating manufacturing out of China brings real opportunities, but also significant challenges. You can benefit from lower labor costs, tariff relief, and enhanced supply chain resilience. However, you must also weigh higher initial capital expenditures (CAPEX), the risk of production delays, and gaps in infrastructure and workforce readiness at alternative manufacturing hubs. The manufacturing landscape in 2025 offers far more complexity than simply comparing wages or trade agreements.
Supply chain diversification has become essential, especially for companies exposed to tariffs, trade barriers, and political tensions between China and the United States. But building a reliable supply chain outside of China demands careful modeling of all production costs, supply chain risks, and time-to-market impacts. As you consider new production locations, whether in Mexico, Vietnam, India, or Southeast Asia, you must look beyond surface-level costs and evaluate the long-term resilience, scalability, and operational risks.
Cost Structure: CAPEX & OPEX Trade-offs
When relocating your manufacturing operations, one of your first steps should be comparing landed cost models across countries. These models combine labor costs, logistics, duties, and overheads to give you a clear financial picture.
For example, shipping a 40-foot container from China to the U.S. Midwest typically costs around $8,600 when factoring in ocean freight plus rail transport. By comparison, a similar container trucked from Mexico costs only about $4,400, a significant 49% savings that can greatly influence your production costs.
Real estate costs also vary sharply. Industrial real-estate build-to-suit pricing stands at around $59 per square foot in China’s coastal manufacturing hubs. In Mexico, you can secure comparable build-to-suit industrial properties for about $50 per square foot, providing additional savings as you establish your new manufacturing footprint.
Beyond operational expenses (OPEX), you also need to consider one-time CAPEX investments like machinery relocation. On average, machinery move-ins account for 3–5% of annual sales. For labor-intensive goods, many companies see a full payback within 24 months after relocation, making the move financially justifiable if planned properly.
Supply-Chain Resilience & Diversification Gains
While costs matter, you should also think strategically about the bigger picture: supply chain resilience. Building a diversified supply network can significantly reduce your exposure to external shocks like trade wars, pandemics, or regional disruptions.
Competitor case studies show that companies using dual-source manufacturing strategies cut their stock-out risk by 42% and shortened their average recovery time by 2.1 weeks during supply chain disruptions. That can be the difference between maintaining access to consumer markets during a crisis, or losing critical sales momentum.
Using a simple probability-impact matrix can help you prioritize diversification. High-probability, high-impact risks, such as trade barriers or natural disasters, should drive immediate investments into new supply chain locations. Moderate-probability events might justify a phased transition approach, spreading risk across multiple manufacturing hubs in Southeast Asia, Mexico, or even Eastern Europe.
When you build a supply chain that isn’t tied to a single region, you create operational flexibility and protect your business against rising labor costs, geopolitical tensions, and supply chain management bottlenecks.
Infrastructure & Logistics Readiness
When evaluating new manufacturing locations outside of China, infrastructure quality and logistics efficiency play a decisive role. You must assess not only labor costs but also how quickly and reliably your goods can reach their final markets. Road, rail, port capacity, power stability, and customs clearance are all critical in determining the real-world viability of relocating your production out of China.
In Southeast Asia, Vietnam has made major strides in building out its manufacturing hubs. However, there are growing pains. The Cai Mep deep-sea port boasts a respectable draft depth of 15.2 meters, allowing large vessels to dock. Yet, berth congestion remains a problem, with an average dwell time of 4.3 days, compared to just 2.1 days at China’s Ningbo port. These bottlenecks can increase production costs and delay time-to-market if not properly managed.
Mexico offers a more streamlined logistics environment for companies targeting the U.S. market. Thanks to SAT customs modernization and FAST/C-TPAT lanes for trusted shippers, certified freight now clears the Laredo border crossing in less than 30 minutes on average. This advantage supports faster inventory cycles and lowers overall supply chain risks compared to longer ocean routes.
When you factor in transportation networks, customs efficiency, and real estate development, it’s clear that infrastructure readiness should weigh heavily in your supply chain diversification strategy.
Quality-Control & Compliance Risks
Even when you find attractive cost savings or infrastructure improvements, you must carefully evaluate quality-control and compliance risks when moving manufacturing operations out of China. Many emerging hubs still face learning-curve challenges that can impact your production reliability and brand reputation.
Take India, for example. First-article approval cycles, where an initial production sample must pass detailed inspections before mass production begins are often delayed compared to China. On average, approval cycles in India take about two weeks longer. One key reason is the gap in ISO 9001 documentation and audit readiness across many local suppliers. These issues can add friction to your supply chain management and extend your time-to-market for new products.
Without robust quality assurance (QA) staffing and clear compliance protocols in place, you risk higher defect rates, certification failures, and missed delivery deadlines. That’s why many companies working to move production out of China invest early in on-site third-party inspections, supplier audits, and process monitoring during the ramp-up phase.
Building a reliable manufacturing presence outside of China means you cannot rely solely on contract promises. You need documented quality systems, workforce training, and strong operational oversight to protect your bottom line and minimize supply chain disruptions.
What are Emerging Manufacturing Destinations?
Several countries have emerged as competitive manufacturing hubs, but each comes with its own mix of advantages and constraints.
Below, we break down the different major contenders that companies often consider when diversifying away from China. However, as you plan your production shift, it’s important to assess both the strengths and limitations of each location in the context of your business model and supply chain strategies.
Vietnam
Vietnam has quickly established itself as one of Southeast Asia’s most attractive manufacturing hubs for companies moving operations out of China. Its primary strengths lie in producing electronics peripherals, garments, and wooden furniture, sectors that align well with the country’s industrial base and labor force skills. Vietnam’s rapid export growth, averaging +24% CAGR from 2016 to 2024, reflects its expanding presence in global supply chains.
Labor costs in Vietnam are highly competitive, with the average manufacturing wage around $2.80 per hour, roughly 40% of China’s rate. This significant wage advantage allows you to lower production costs without dramatically sacrificing quality, especially for consumer goods and mid-tier electronics assembly.
Vietnam has also strategically positioned itself with 18 active free trade agreements (FTAs), including major ones like the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). These deals provide better market access and tariff reductions for exports to Europe, the United States, and other key regions.
Still, you should be aware of capacity limitations. Vietnam’s population is about 7% of China’s, and its total manufacturing output represents only around 2% of China’s massive industrial scale. Berth congestion at key ports like Cai Mep also adds logistical delays, with average dwell times reaching 4.3 days. Skilled labor shortages in technical roles can further constrain rapid expansions.
If you are targeting moderate production volumes with an eye on future scalability, Vietnam offers a strong but measured alternative to China’s manufacturing landscape.
Mexico
For businesses serving the United States market, Mexico offers a particularly compelling case for relocating manufacturing out of China. Thanks to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), Mexico provides duty-free access to the vast U.S. consumer market, streamlining trade and reducing tariff exposure. This regional proximity supports better supply chain resilience and faster market responsiveness.
Mexico’s labor costs are attractive too, averaging between $4 and $5 per hour, about 19% lower than China’s latest rates. In addition, Mexico graduates roughly 110,000 engineers per year, supporting manufacturing sectors ranging from automotive and aerospace industry components to home appliances and electronics assembly.
Another major advantage is logistics. With direct truck routes, your goods can reach the U.S. Midwest within two to five days. Customs clearance for certified shipments is also highly efficient: C-TPAT and FAST lanes allow border crossings at points like the Laredo bridge in under 30 minutes, minimizing delays and lowering inventory carrying costs.
Nonetheless, there are important challenges. Mexico’s power grid faces periodic strain in high-demand regions, and ongoing security issues in certain states add risk to transportation networks and facility operations. You should factor these variables into your site selection and supply chain management plans.
But, if your goal is to shorten lead times, reduce production costs, and gain a strong manufacturing footprint close to the U.S. market, Mexico stands out as one of the top alternatives to manufacturing in China.
India
India has rapidly gained attention as a major alternative to manufacturing in China, especially for sectors like electronics assembly, solar components, and electric vehicles. If you are considering moving manufacturing out of China, India’s strengths include a massive labor force and strong government support through Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) initiatives.
The PLI scheme allocates $26 billion through 2027, covering key sectors such as mobile phones, EV batteries, and renewable energy products. These incentives aim to boost India’s global manufacturing presence and attract foreign companies seeking lower production costs and diversified supply chain strategies. Additionally, India’s electronics exports surged past $23 billion in 2024, representing a +170% growth since 2019—a sign of strengthening capabilities in consumer products and industrial goods.
However, you should be mindful of constraints. While India offers favorable labor costs and a growing manufacturing footprint, infrastructure gaps still pose risks. Issues such as inconsistent road quality, port bottlenecks, and variable logistics support can slow production timelines. Moreover, variable quality control (QC) standards across vendors create additional challenges. Without strong supply chain management practices and rigorous vendor audits, you could face delays during first-article approval processes or experience product-quality inconsistencies.
Thailand
As you move through your evaluation of manufacturing destinations beyond China, Thailand deserves serious attention. Its combination of established industrial zones, pro-business trade agreements, and skilled labor force positions it as a strong candidate for companies needing stable production locations in Southeast Asia.
Thailand’s manufacturing sector has diversified well beyond traditional automotive assembly, now covering electronics, home appliances, and food processing industries. With a reputation for consistent quality, especially in electronics assembly and hard-disk drives, Thailand offers a reliable base for production intended for U.S., Japanese, and European consumer markets.
However, you should weigh the constraints carefully. Rising labor costs compared to Vietnam, along with increased competition for skilled workers, can squeeze production costs over time. Infrastructure, while better than many ASEAN peers, faces occasional logistics bottlenecks during peak export seasons. Port facilities like Laem Chabang are world-class, but inland transportation delays during monsoon months can impact supply chain timing if not properly managed.
If your supply chain strategies demand a balance between cost, reliability, and regional proximity, Thailand provides a mature, relatively low-risk option for expanding your manufacturing footprint outside of China.
Malaysia
Malaysia is particularly strong in electronics, semiconductors, and medical device manufacturing, Malaysia is positioning itself as a niche but highly capable alternative for companies shifting production out of China.
Malaysia’s government supports manufacturing investment through attractive incentives like tax holidays and targeted subsidies, especially for high-tech and precision manufacturing sectors. Its strategic location along key global shipping routes gives you excellent access to both U.S. and European markets without the extended shipping lead times typical of inland Southeast Asia.
However, there are limitations to consider. Labor costs are higher compared to Vietnam and India, which could impact the economics for high-volume, low-margin products. Malaysia’s total workforce size is also smaller, meaning large-scale expansions may be limited by labor availability. Additionally, power-grid stability has occasionally faced stress during peak manufacturing periods, particularly around Penang’s high-tech clusters.
Indonesia
As the world’s fourth-most populous country, it offers a large labor force and growing appeal for companies moving manufacturing out of China. The government’s proactive trade initiatives, including tax holidays for strategic sectors like automotive components and electronics assembly, aim to attract foreign companies seeking cost advantages.
Indonesia’s labor costs remain competitive at around $2.50 to $3.00 per hour, which is significantly lower than China’s rising labor costs. The country is investing heavily in transportation networks, infrastructure development, and industrial parks such as Batang and Kendal, designed to reduce logistics bottlenecks and support global supply chains.
Still, you should be aware of constraints. Regulatory complexity, slower customs clearance compared to Vietnam or Malaysia, and energy supply variability can pose risks to smooth manufacturing operations. Supply chain disruptions related to political tensions or pandemic-driven lockdowns have also impacted some industries in the past.
So, if you are targeting long-term investments in industries like consumer products, apparel, or home appliances, Indonesia offers an important production location. However, you must plan carefully around infrastructure gaps and supply chain management challenges to fully capture its cost-saving potential.
Eastern Europe (e.g., Poland, Romania)
For companies selling into the European Union, Eastern Europe provides a compelling case to relocate production out of China and closer to key consumer markets. Nations like Poland and Romania offer strong manufacturing hubs with robust access to major transportation networks, supported by EU-backed infrastructure development initiatives.
Labor costs in Poland and Romania remain lower than Western Europe but slightly higher than Southeast Asia, averaging $5 to $7 per hour. However, you benefit from direct access to EU markets under harmonized trade agreements, significantly reducing tariff exposure and logistics time compared to Asian production locations.
Poland has emerged as a leader in sectors like automotive parts, aerospace industry components, and home appliances, while Romania offers growing capabilities in electronics assembly and textiles. Both countries provide solid supply chain resilience, a skilled labor force, and stable working conditions, critical factors when you evaluate alternatives away from China.
If you prioritize proximity, regulatory stability, and fast lead times into the European market, Eastern Europe offers a very attractive manufacturing landscape, although production costs will trend higher than in Southeast Asia.
Turkey (EU-adjacent Fast Fashion Hotspot)
For apparel, textiles, or fast-moving consumer goods, Turkey presents a strategic nearshoring solution. Its unique geographic proximity to both Europe and the Middle East makes it an ideal manufacturing destination for companies seeking quicker access to major consumer markets while minimizing transportation costs.
Turkey’s textile and apparel industry is world-renowned, capable of rapid production cycles and meeting demanding quality standards. Labor costs average $4 to $5 per hour, lower than Western Europe but higher than some Southeast Asian countries. The country benefits from a customs union with the European Union, simplifying export logistics and eliminating many trade barriers.
However, you must weigh certain risks. Currency fluctuations, occasional political tensions, and regional security concerns can affect operating stability. Nonetheless, the government’s support for manufacturing investment, combined with a strong vendor base, makes Turkey a compelling choice for businesses seeking to move manufacturing out of China while keeping operations near major markets.
Bangladesh & Cambodia (Value-Priced Apparel)
When you are evaluating alternatives for low-cost apparel production, Bangladesh and Cambodia stand out as strong options outside China. Both countries have carved out a dominant share in value-priced garment manufacturing, supplying companies across the United States and Europe. Bangladesh, in particular, leverages its massive labor force with wages averaging under $1 per hour, which has helped it maintain one of the most competitive production cost structures in global supply chains. Cambodia, while slightly more expensive, benefits from trade agreements like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and preferential access under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).
Typical lead-times for finished goods range between 75 and 90 days. Bangladesh’s Chattogram Port serves as the main export gateway, while Cambodia has expanded its capabilities through Sihanoukville Port. Bangladesh offers export-oriented factories a tax holiday of five to ten years, giving you a clear cost advantage if you plan to invest. By the end of 2024, Bangladesh’s apparel exports reached $47 billion, reflecting a 9% year-over-year growth and solidifying its role in the global manufacturing landscape.
Specialty Niches: Taiwan (High-Tech) & Italy (Luxury Eyewear)
If you are seeking high-value manufacturing locations that combine advanced capabilities with specialized expertise, Taiwan and Italy present two strategic options. Taiwan has developed a world-class reputation for electronics assembly, semiconductors, and precision components, providing strong protection for intellectual property in supply chain operations. Its manufacturing sector offers quick turnaround times, with lead-times typically between 45 and 60 days, and Kaohsiung Port serving as a key export hub for goods headed to the United States and beyond.
Italy, on the other hand, leads globally in luxury eyewear production and premium consumer goods. Its manufacturing companies balance centuries-old craftsmanship with modern innovation, making it an ideal location for producing high-end products with short supply chains. Italy’s Genoa Port ensures efficient export logistics, reducing time-to-market for European and U.S. customers. Taiwan supports innovation through a 15% research and development tax credit, while Italy offers a 50% super-deduction on Industry 4.0 investments. In 2024, Taiwan’s electronics exports exceeded $220 billion, while Italy’s eyewear exports reached $6 billion, reinforcing their global manufacturing presence.
Sector-by-Sector Relocation Feasibility
Relocating manufacturing out of China is not a one-size-fits-all decision. Different industries face different challenges based on complexity, supply chain dependencies, and workforce needs. Some sectors are finding alternative manufacturing hubs relatively accessible, while others remain deeply tied to China’s unique manufacturing landscape. As you start assessing your own production strategy, you will find that sectors like textiles and furniture offer relatively smooth transitions, while industries like consumer electronics, toys, and personal care tools continue to grapple with massive risks, supply chain disruptions, and escalating production costs if they move too fast. A careful sector-by-sector analysis is essential to avoid overestimating the feasibility of nearshoring or moving manufacturing operations elsewhere. Nowhere is the situation more nuanced than in consumer electronics, where rising labor costs, trade barriers, and tariffs are pushing companies to diversify, yet full relocation remains extremely challenging.
Consumer Electronics
When you look at consumer electronics, the shift potential is best described as medium. China remains the undisputed leader in this sector, offering a combination of highly skilled labor force, robust manufacturing hubs, and a deeply entrenched supplier network that supports everything from microchips to enclosures. Manufacturing out of China for this industry has proven to be exceptionally difficult to replicate, largely due to the integrated supply chains and speed of scale that Chinese manufacturing companies can offer. However, you are now seeing partial shifts taking place, especially for simpler products like phone accessories, headphones, and other low-complexity devices.
In 2024, Apple shifted 7% of its iPhone output to India, aiming to diversify supply chains amid growing trade tensions. Similarly, Samsung’s massive Vietnam complex now produces 50% of its global smartphones, a signal that Southeast Asia is emerging as an important secondary base. The U.S. proposal for a 10% broad-based tech tariff, combined with a 60% China-specific surcharge, has only added to the pressure for companies to rethink their supply chain strategies and supply chain resilience models.
That said, the current situation shows that China’s manufacturing ecosystem is still far too deep to abandon quickly. For complex products like gaming consoles or high-end laptops, few regions can match China’s speed, efficiency, and economies of scale. Vietnam offers rapid growth in consumer electronics manufacturing but has limited capacity for sophisticated electronics assembly. India is expanding aggressively, fueled by government initiatives like “Make in India,” yet struggles persist around consistency, infrastructure development, and skilled manufacturing workforce availability. Mexico and Thailand, meanwhile, offer better logistics proximity to the United States and are increasingly attractive for U.S.-bound consumer products, particularly where reduced lead time and lower production costs are strategic advantages.
Textiles and Apparel
For textiles and apparel, the shift potential is high. You will find that this sector is one of the easiest to move out of China because garment and textile manufacturing already has a wide footprint across multiple global manufacturing hubs. Countries like Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, and Cambodia have developed strong production ecosystems capable of handling mid- and low-end consumer products without massive investment barriers. Manufacturing out of China for textiles was initially driven by cost savings, but now supply chain diversification, supply chain resilience, and even ESG initiatives are playing a growing role.
Today, many brands have already diversified production locations due to rising labor costs and growing supply chain risks. Vietnam has emerged as a heavyweight, now supplying 20% of U.S. apparel imports, offering wage savings of approximately 45% compared to China. However, it’s important for you to note that quality control reject rates are about 3 percentage points higher, a concern that impacts bottom line calculations and working conditions monitoring. India also brings scale advantages, although navigating real estate challenges and fragmented supply chains can slow ramp-up times. For extremely cost-sensitive products, Cambodia and Bangladesh offer some of the most competitive production costs globally, but concerns remain about consistent compliance with IP protection and labor force standards. Turkey, meanwhile, is a strategic player for Europe-bound shipments due to its proximity and favorable trade agreements, offering you faster lead times if your market is on the EU side.
Furniture
Furniture relocation shows a medium shift potential, but you have to split the analysis between types of products. Wooden furniture is relatively easy to move out of China, as manufacturing hubs like Vietnam and Indonesia have built significant production footprints, offering companies alternative manufacturing locations without massive risks. If you deal with simpler, single-material goods, moving production can lead to significant cost savings and faster access to U.S. consumer markets, where demand for furniture products continues to grow.
However, if your business involves metal furniture, mechanized sofas, or multi-material pieces, then moving manufacturing operations away from China gets complicated quickly. China’s supply chains for these complex products remain difficult to replicate because of the need for skilled labor, precise components, and advanced assembly techniques. Today, China continues to dominate when it comes to sophisticated designs that require high reliability and strict quality assurance measures. Vietnam and Indonesia excel mainly at solid wood products, with good access to Southeast Asia’s abundant raw materials. Mexico stands out as a strong alternative if you prioritize proximity to the U.S. and need more responsive supply chain management. Malaysia also has niche manufacturing bases specializing in high-quality wooden furniture, although production capacity is much smaller compared to China.
If you are considering moving manufacturing out of China for furniture, you need to balance real estate investment, labor force training, and potential exposure to trade barriers when selecting your production sites.
Toys
When you look at the toy industry, relocating manufacturing operations outside of China presents one of the toughest challenges across all consumer products. The shift potential here is low. Toy production demands complex molding, extremely fast turnaround cycles, high SKU flexibility, and strict compliance with evolving global safety regulations. China’s manufacturing hubs, especially Guangdong and Zhejiang, have fine-tuned their supply chains, workforce training, and regulatory systems around these requirements for decades, making it incredibly difficult for other manufacturing locations to match the same output efficiency.
Right now, even with high tariffs imposed by the United States and ongoing trade tensions, China remains the most cost-effective and flexible option for global toy brands. Vietnam and Indonesia are starting to emerge as potential hubs within Southeast Asia, but their capacity is small and largely centered on simpler toys. India and the Philippines are developing capabilities, but you should know that consistency issues in production quality, supply chain resilience, and intellectual property protection still hold them back from true competitiveness.
If you are considering moving manufacturing out of China in this sector, the bottom line is clear: transitioning full production remains highly risky. While supply chain diversification offers some risk-mitigation benefits, there is no equivalent ecosystem in global supply chains for toys yet that can deliver the same combination of price, quality, and speed that China’s manufacturing sector offers.
Eyewear
Compared to toys, eyewear manufacturing shows a more moderate relocation feasibility. The shift potential is medium. Chinese suppliers have carved out a dominant position in the global manufacturing landscape, offering unmatched speed in sampling, aggressive price competitiveness, and the ability to handle high-volume consumer products across various designs. Manufacturing out of China for eyewear, particularly in the mid- and low-end segments, still gives brands strong advantages in production costs, lead times, and manufacturing footprint reliability.
Today, most companies still heavily rely on China’s manufacturing operations for their core collections, even as pressures like rising labor costs and global supply chain disruptions push them to explore new destinations. Taiwan continues to maintain its niche for high-end, technical eyewear, securing its place in luxury consumer markets. Vietnam, on the other hand, is quickly gaining traction. Investment in eyewear-specific supply chains and manufacturing hubs is growing, although capacity remains smaller than China. Italy remains the gold standard for premium, fashion-driven eyewear, favored especially for Europe-bound exports and luxury brand strategies.
For you, moving eyewear production partially away from China could be viable, especially if your products target premium or niche consumer markets. However, achieving the same balance of speed, cost savings, and IP protection that Chinese manufacturing companies offer will require careful vendor vetting, government incentives exploration, and likely longer lead times during the transition phase.
Personal Care Tools
When it comes to shifting manufacturing out of China, personal care tools present a major hurdle. The shift potential in this sector is low. Think about electric shavers, grooming kits, and skincare devices, products that demand multi-material integration, high SKU variation, and precision plastic molding. Replicating China’s tightly knit supply chains, which support such complex manufacturing operations, remains extremely difficult for companies seeking supply chain diversification. You would find that unless you dramatically scale down the complexity of your products, moving production is likely to create more risks than rewards.
Right now, China’s vertical integration, combined with low production costs and mature quality control processes, offers an unbeatable advantage. Manufacturing companies operating in the personal care segment benefit from economies of scale that simply don’t exist yet elsewhere. While India is making progress, developing industrial clusters and incentives to support personal care goods, its manufacturing hubs still lag behind in consistency and volume. Pakistan shows some capacity, mainly for metal tools like scissors and clippers, but broader integration with plastics and electronics remains limited.
If you’re considering moving manufacturing, you need to weigh proximity, ip protection, and production costs very carefully.
Automotive
As you move into the automotive sector, the relocation story becomes more nuanced. Automotive manufacturing outside of China has made major strides, but China’s influence, especially in EV supply chains, is still dominant. Thailand and Mexico have emerged as critical players in global manufacturing hubs, specializing in vehicles, parts, and increasingly electric vehicle components. Mexico’s automotive sector alone assembled 4.1 million vehicles in 2024, with an impressive 80% exported directly to the United States. Nearshoring strategies through the USMCA have made Mexico a strategic choice for companies aiming to cut supply chain risks and capitalize on proximity advantages.
At the same time, Southeast Asia is seeing substantial investments, especially in Thailand, where EV battery production and automotive electronics are gaining momentum. However, it’s important for you to know that CATL, China’s EV battery giant, still supplies 45% of global EV cells, reinforcing China’s grip on this critical part of the supply chain. Trade tensions, tariffs, and geopolitical concerns continue to push companies to seek diversification, but complete independence from Chinese manufacturing presence is still unrealistic for many automotive companies.
If you’re planning to relocate or diversify automotive production, you should prioritize regions with strong transportation networks, government incentives like tax holidays, and workforce readiness to absorb advanced manufacturing operations. But be realistic: China’s manufacturing output, particularly in EV technologies, will remain a major player in global supply chains for the foreseeable future.
Strategic & Operational Considerations for a Smooth Transition
Successfully moving your manufacturing out of China demands far more than booking a new factory. It requires you to build an integrated relocation strategy that balances financial, legal, and operational factors. Every decision, from selecting a site in Mexico, Vietnam, or India, to locking down supply chain resilience, needs to be mapped against the real risks of disruption, rising labor costs, and regional trade policies. It’s not just about cheaper labor; it’s about preserving product quality, protecting intellectual property, and ensuring your new manufacturing footprint can weather future trade tensions or transportation bottlenecks. .
Initial Feasibility & Total-Cost Modelling
Before you even begin moving production locations, you need to create a detailed feasibility model. Don’t just compare base labor costs—you have to account for tariffs, new trade barriers, freight costs, taxes, local incentives, and potential delays in site development. Understanding the total landed cost between China and an alternative like Vietnam or Mexico is essential for setting realistic expectations. For example, even if labor savings seem attractive, higher transportation networks and startup ramp-up costs can erode initial margins if not properly forecasted. You should also consider infrastructure development timing because delays could extend your payback period. In today’s manufacturing landscape, a serious model must include stress tests against scenarios like currency volatility, wage inflation, and pandemic-style supply chain disruptions. Making strategic moves without this analysis exposes your business to hidden risks that could undo years of planning.
Protecting Assets & Intellectual Property
Relocating manufacturing operations isn’t just a logistical challenge, it’s also a race to safeguard your most critical assets. In China, retaliatory risks when exiting suppliers are very real. You need to have tooling ownership contracts that allow immediate retrieval, ideally within a 72-hour window after exit notifications. Many manufacturing companies underestimate how fast tooling and molds can be seized once word spreads, so proactive control is non-negotiable. Another priority is registering your trademarks and patents locally in the destination country before public announcements are made. If you wait, you risk foreign companies squatting on your IP protection rights and forcing costly legal disputes.
It’s equally important to tighten your legal frameworks. Use non-disclosure, non-use, and non-circumvention (NNN) agreements that are enforceable under local law, particularly in key manufacturing hubs like Southeast Asia. If you’re producing controlled goods like aerospace components, understanding ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) or seeking equivalent export compliance is crucial.
Maintaining Confidentiality & Workforce Continuity
One of the most underestimated challenges when moving manufacturing out of China is maintaining confidentiality during the transition. If word leaks early, suppliers may retaliate by blocking access to tooling or confidential files, or competitors might poach your local workforce. You need to plan a phased knowledge transfer strategy that prioritizes quiet exits. The best practice is to split critical knowledge across multiple teams so that no single group holds complete process ownership before the relocation is complete.
It is also vital to manage your workforce proactively. Involving select managers under non-disclosure agreements can allow gradual onboarding of new facilities without triggering unrest in your existing production locations. Some companies even operate parallel production for 6–12 months to maintain inventory buffer and protect against supply chain risks during transition.
Sourcing Strategy Matrix (Off-, Near-, Re-, Right-shoring)
Choosing the right sourcing strategy depends on your specific production footprint, cost structure, and customer market dynamics. Offshoring—producing in distant, low-cost countries—has historically dominated for consumer goods like apparel and electronics assembly. However, rising labor costs, trade war uncertainty, and IP protection issues have revived nearshoring and reshoring interest.
- Nearshoring involves relocating production closer to the United States, such as to Mexico or Central America, to improve lead times and lower freight costs.
- Reshoring means bringing manufacturing fully back to the U.S., driven often by rising wages abroad and the need to enhance supply chain resilience.
- Right-shoring takes a hybrid approach—placing different operations in locations optimized for production costs, proximity to key markets, and IP protection requirements.
When weighing these options, you should factor in tariffs, labor force stability, infrastructure development, and the ease of complying with U.S. trade agreements. For high-complexity goods like vehicles and home appliances, full reshoring can offer strategic control but at higher costs. For mid-complexity consumer products, nearshoring offers a smart balance between cost savings and proximity.
Partner Due-Diligence, QA & Third-Party Inspections
Once you commit to moving manufacturing out of China, verifying the capabilities of new partners becomes mission-critical. You should never rely solely on self-reported information from suppliers when the bottom line, product quality, and supply chain resilience are at stake. That’s why third-party inspections are not optional, they’re a strategic necessity. Independent audits help you catch manufacturing footprint inconsistencies, hidden production risks, and deviations from quality standards early, before they cascade into costly disruptions later.
For companies navigating new manufacturing locations across Southeast Asia or Mexico, third-party verification serves two purposes: it validates working conditions and ensures that production operations are scalable under Western compliance standards. Following the author’s insight, using third-party inspections during trial runs is a smart safeguard, especially when suppliers are undergoing a learning curve with new products or production volumes. You also protect your company’s reputation and supply chain diversification goals by confirming that new partners can deliver consistently over time, not just during onboarding.
Timeline Planning & Phased Migration
You cannot assume that you will find a replacement site, qualify it, and be fully operational within a few months. In practice, successful site selection to start-of-production (SOP) cycles typically average 12–24 months, and for high-complexity products like consumer electronics, it can stretch to 36 months. If you want to reduce production costs while maintaining service continuity, you need to map your timeline like a Gantt chart with overlapping phases for supplier onboarding, workforce training, QA qualification, and regulatory compliance.
For example, your early-stage due diligence (site and vendor selection) might take 3–6 months. Construction, retrofitting, and process validation could require another 6–12 months, depending on the region’s infrastructure development and government support. Only after operational readiness can you phase in production, first with low-volume pilots and then with scaled manufacturing operations. Trying to compress this sequence usually results in quality failures, shipping delays, and cost overruns, none of which you can afford when moving manufacturing away from China. By setting realistic phased migration goals, you align your supply chain management strategies with broader supply chain resilience targets, insulating your business from external shocks like trade tensions, pandemics, or future supply chain disruptions.
Government Incentives & Policy Levers
When you start planning to shift manufacturing out of China, understanding the full spectrum of government incentives becomes critical to managing your production costs and protecting your bottom line. Across the manufacturing landscape today, governments are increasingly using tax breaks, subsidies, and the establishment of free-trade zones as policy levers to attract foreign companies eager to diversify their supply chains. Whether you are considering new production locations in Vietnam, Mexico, India, or Southeast Asia, you’ll find that government support can significantly reshape your cost structures and supply chain strategies. By carefully accounting for these incentives early in your site selection and operational planning phases, you position your business to minimize risks associated with tariffs, trade barriers, and future supply chain disruptions.
Tax Breaks, Subsidies & Free-Trade Zones
Tax breaks have become one of the most important tools governments use to lure manufacturing companies away from China. In Vietnam, for example, foreign investors setting up operations in designated manufacturing hubs can qualify for corporate income tax holidays lasting up to four years, followed by 50% tax reductions for the next nine. Similarly, Mexico’s IMMEX program enables manufacturers to temporarily import goods and materials duty-free, provided that production is for export to the United States, a clear incentive aligned with North American supply chain resilience goals.
Meanwhile, subsidies are emerging across regions. India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme offers direct financial support to companies investing in sectors like electronics assembly, pharmaceuticals, and automotive components—critical sectors affected by supply chain disruptions during the pandemic. Southeast Asia, too, has stepped up, with nations like Thailand offering subsidies and land discounts to support high-tech manufacturing operations. These incentives are not just about reducing upfront costs; they aim to create permanent supply chain diversification away from Chinese manufacturing bases.
Free-trade zones represent another crucial lever. By setting up manufacturing operations within these zones, you can gain streamlined customs clearance, real estate cost advantages, and priority access to key transportation networks. This matters greatly when moving manufacturing operations, especially as trade tensions and evolving trade agreements continue to impact global supply chains. With exports from emerging manufacturing destinations expected to rise sharply, leveraging free-trade zones gives you a critical advantage in securing faster-to-market timelines without absorbing added supply chain risks or production costs.
Trade Agreements & Rules-of-Origin Compliance
As you move manufacturing operations to countries like Vietnam, Mexico, or India, you need to account for rules-of-origin thresholds to qualify for preferential tariffs under free trade agreements like USMCA, RCEP, or EVFTA. For instance, assembling consumer products in Mexico might grant you duty-free access to the United States under USMCA, but only if a certain percentage of materials and labor come from qualifying locations. Missing these technicalities can wipe out the cost savings you hoped to capture by moving production out of China.
Rules-of-origin compliance affects more than tariffs. It also shapes how you structure supplier contracts, select vendors, and document production processes across multiple countries. The manufacturing landscape today demands that you actively manage these issues from day one. With supply chain diversification now a top priority for most companies facing global supply chain risks, overlooking these compliance details would weaken your ability to protect margins, access key markets, and scale exports without penalty. In short, trade agreements are no longer distant paperwork—they’re mission-critical to your next move.
Local Labor & Environmental Regulations
Different countries have dramatically different rules governing minimum wages, overtime, environmental emissions, and working conditions. And while lower labor costs might seem attractive initially, the wrong regulatory environment can offset those savings through penalties, bad press, or supply chain disruptions.
To help you visualize the differences across popular manufacturing hubs, here’s a comparative snapshot:
| Country | Minimum Wage (2024 est.) | Notable Incentives | Environmental Standards | Labor Regulation Intensity |
| Vietnam | $180/month | 15-year tax holiday for high-tech zones | Moderate (rising enforcement) | Moderate |
| India | $70–$120/month | 150% super-deduction on R&D | Varied (state-specific) | Complex, slow reform |
| Mexico | $330/month (border zones) | IMMEX program + tariff exemptions | Strong | Strong |
| Indonesia | $200/month | Tax holiday for priority sectors | Moderate | Improving but variable |
| Thailand | $280/month | BOI incentives + free-trade zones | Strong | Strict |
Case Studies & Success Pathways
When you think about moving manufacturing out of China, real-world success stories offer valuable insights. They reveal not just the benefits but the practical challenges, the pivot points, and the KPIs that matter when transitioning production to new manufacturing hubs. Whether you’re managing consumer products, electronics, or furniture, strategic relocation can transform your bottom line when done thoughtfully. In today’s manufacturing landscape, especially amid rising labor costs, trade tensions, and supply chain disruptions, companies are rewriting their supply chain strategies to adapt.
Let’s explore three clear examples where moving production helped reshape operations, reduce costs, and increase resilience across the global supply chains.
- Nike: Reshaping Apparel Production
Nike’s strategic move to diversify apparel and footwear production out of China into Vietnam shows how big gains can be made without sacrificing quality or delivery speed. By relocating 51% of its shoe lines to Vietnam, Nike cut its landed cost by an impressive 19% while trimming lead times by eight days. That shift was not just about lowering production costs; it strengthened Nike’s manufacturing footprint against future trade barriers and tariff shocks. Vietnam’s access to major trade agreements, including the CPTPP, added further flexibility, giving Nike greater access to the United States and other global markets with minimal disruption.
The company also benefited from Vietnam’s tax holidays for export manufacturers, while optimizing workforce proximity to transportation networks that served their major consumer markets. Nike’s case highlights the importance of aligning supply chain diversification with tariff planning and real estate strategies to ensure the gains aren’t lost to bottlenecks or regulatory setbacks.
- Intel: Building Resilience in Electronics
Intel’s decision to diversify semiconductor packaging operations into Malaysia and Ireland paid off during the 2023 chip shortage crisis. Despite disruptions across global manufacturing, Intel’s broadened manufacturing presence mitigated P&L impacts and helped the company capture $700 million in incremental revenue that could have otherwise been lost.
By expanding outside of China’s production locations, Intel reduced reliance on a single region and shielded critical supply chains from political tensions, trade war risks, and labor cost escalation. Malaysia’s tax incentives for high-tech investment, combined with Ireland’s strong IP protection frameworks, offered Intel both cost savings and better long-term control over its intellectual property assets. For electronics assembly firms looking to future-proof operations, Intel’s pathway proves how nearshoring or regional diversification can drive supply chain resilience without sacrificing scale.
- Dell India: Localizing for Incentives and Growth
Dell’s India notebook assembly line serves as a blueprint for small-to-midsize manufacturers and SMEs aiming to capitalize on government incentives while boosting production capacity. Under India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, Dell achieved an 85% local content rule, unlocking a direct 4% cash rebate on eligible production volumes. This aggressive shift toward local sourcing helped Dell not only cut production costs but also build stronger control over suppliers, workforce management, and intellectual property within India’s expanding industrial hubs.
Dell’s story is especially relevant if you’re eyeing Southeast Asia or India for future manufacturing operations. With growing initiatives to attract foreign companies, regions like India are offering strategic advantages, including tax breaks, subsidies, and infrastructure development, that align well with supply chain diversification efforts aimed at moving production away from China. But as Dell’s experience shows, success requires proactive planning around sourcing strategies, IP registration, and vendor development to ensure compliance and long-term supply chain stability.
Step-by-Step Pilot Diversification Plan
Successfully moving even a portion of your manufacturing out of China requires a methodical, low-risk approach. You cannot simply uproot supply chains without careful groundwork. You need a plan that builds resilience step-by-step, balancing production costs, quality expectations, and the stability of your future supply chains. The goal is to replicate the kind of success companies like Intel and Dell achieved, strategic diversification that protected profitability even during severe supply chain disruptions.
Run Trial Orders with New Suppliers Outside China
Your first step should always be trial production. Before you even think about moving to full-scale operations, you need to validate new vendors in countries like Vietnam, India, or Mexico with real orders. Trial runs allow you to evaluate production costs, monitor working conditions, and spot early red flags in vendor performance. You’re not just buying products, you’re stress-testing entire manufacturing operations under real-world conditions.
When you do this, remember to account for total landed costs, not just unit prices. Factor in freight, tariffs, and the reliability of transportation networks. A vendor that looks inexpensive upfront may turn costly if their quality or delivery timelines lag. Successful supply chain diversification strategies rely heavily on rigorous early-stage vetting to avoid bigger issues down the road.
Use Third-Party Inspections and Audits to Verify Capabilities
Once trial orders begin, you must independently verify supplier capabilities through third-party inspections and audits. This step cannot be skipped. It’s your best defense against risks hidden beneath the surface, such as non-compliance with labor laws, poor intellectual property protection, or substandard manufacturing operations.
Working with professional inspection companies that offer factory audits, ISO auditing, supplier evaluations, production inspections, and technical audits gives you an impartial view. You need these experts to review the real estate conditions, production footprint, and quality control systems in place. Without this, you’re exposing your supply chain strategies to severe risks from trade disputes, rising labor violations, and working conditions that could backfire on your brand.
Companies like Intel, which shifted semiconductor operations to Malaysia and Ireland, built their success by demanding full transparency from partners. Dell’s India expansion under the PLI program similarly hinged on passing rigorous third-party assessments to qualify for government incentives like tax holidays.
Be Realistic About Ramp-Up Time and Potential Delays
Once you start exploring manufacturing out of China, it’s critical to set your expectations correctly. You should anticipate that building new supply chains, especially in emerging Southeast Asia markets like Vietnam or India, takes time. Even under ideal conditions, the average relocation from site selection to start of production (SOP) spans 12 to 24 months, with electronics and consumer goods stretching to 30+ months.
You’ll encounter challenges ranging from workforce training and infrastructure bottlenecks to differences in labor costs and local business practices. A good supply chain diversification strategy must plan for these realities instead of reacting when timelines slip. Companies that succeeded in the past, like Intel or Dell, built in long ramp-ups and safeguarded their production accounts by gradually layering volumes rather than going for a big-bang move. Time, flexibility, and consistent audits make the difference between success and costly missteps when moving manufacturing operations abroad.
Conclusion: Should You Move?
If there’s one thing we’ve learned, it’s that moving your manufacturing out of China isn’t a simple yes or no call. It really depends on what you’re making and where you want to go next. For things like garments or basic wood furniture, shifting production is totally doable. You could cut production costs, get closer to growing markets, and even protect your intellectual property better in places like Vietnam, Mexico, or India.
But if you’re in the business of toys, consumer electronics, or personal care tools, the story gets trickier. These products are deeply rooted in China’s complex supply chain network—think specialized labor, intricate parts, and lightning-fast turnaround times that are tough to recreate anywhere else. Trying to move everything at once could end up hurting your bottom line more than helping it.
If you’re thinking about expanding into Southeast Asia, India, or Mexico, we’re here to help you qualify the right partners and avoid the usual headaches. Just shoot us a message at hello@qcadvisor.com.
